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Science, Technology & Human Values
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Agroecology as Participatory Science

Emerging Alternatives to Technology Transfer Extension Practice

Keith Douglass Warner

Santa Clara University

The discourses of agricultural extension reveal how actors represent their scientific activities and goals. The "transfer of technology" discourse developed with the professional U.S. extension service, reproducing its expert/lay power relations. Agroecology is emerging as a systems approach to preventing agricultural pollution. Its theoreticians argue that agroecology cannot be transferred like technology but must be extended through networks of participatory social learning. In California, hundreds of actors and dozens of institutions have cocreated agroecological partnerships using this alternative extension model. They have developed three alternative extension discourses to represent and explain their activities. Bruno Latour's "circulatory system of science" model provides a superior theoretical framework for interpreting the participation and discourses of diverse actors in this extension practice.

Key Words: transfer of technology • agricultural extension • agroecology • sustainable agriculture • participatory science

This version was published on November 1, 2008

Science, Technology & Human Values, Vol. 33, No. 6, 754-777 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0162243907309851
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